Chapter 1: Waves
1.1 Understanding Waves
Ø There are two types of waves: Transverse, Longitudinal
Transverse
Ø Transverse waves are waves in which the vibration of particles in the medium is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of waves
Ø Examples: water waves, light waves, electromagnetic waves
Longitudinal
Ø Transverse waves are waves in which the vibration of the particles in the medium is parallel to the direction of propagation of waves
Ø Comprised of compressions, rarefactions
Ø Examples: sound waves
Equilibrium Position
Ø Equilibrium position is the position of an object in which there is no resultant force acting on the object
Period, T
Ø A period is the time taken for one complete oscillation
Frequency, f
Ø The number of complete oscillations in 1 second
Ø SI unit is Hertz
Ø f = 1/T
Wavelength, λ
Ø A wavelength is the distance between two consecutive points on the same phase
Amplitude, a
Ø Amplitude is the maximum displacement from equilibrium position
v = fλ
Where V is the velocity, f is the frequency and λ is the wavelength
Damping
Ø A decrease in amplitude due to loss of energy to frictional force
Resonance
Ø The phenomenon when the oscillating system is driven at its natural frequency by a periodic force
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